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  3. Study the Manifestation of Growth and Yield Attributes of Broccoli Through Application of Boron, Molybdenum, Zinc and Their Combination Treatments in Terai Agro-Ecological Region of West Bengal

Study the Manifestation of Growth and Yield Attributes of Broccoli Through Application of Boron, Molybdenum, Zinc and Their Combination Treatments in Terai Agro-Ecological Region of West Bengal.

Rimansaha Chowdhury* , Subhomay Sikder

Department of Vegetable and Spice Crops, Faculty of Horticulture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya (UBKV), Pundibari, Coochbehar, West Bengal, India.

Corresponding author Email: riman.saha03@gmail.com

DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CARJ.5.3.16

Article Publishing History

Received: 12 July 2017
Accepted: 17 August 2017

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Abstract:

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) is an important winter vegetable under the cole groups, which has great market potential in India and Gulf countries. The climatic condition of Terai region of West Bengal is highly suitable for broccoli cultivation that argued for the possibility of getting more net profit of the farmers from cultivation of this high valued crop. But due to the micronutrient deficiency in the soil of terai region, broccoli not gives good return for this reason the experiment was done to give a recommendation to the farmers for better yield. The present experiment was carried out to examine the effect of boron, zinc and molybdenum on broccoli (cv-green magic) with sole doses of these three micronutrients were fixed 0.3% for borax, 0.5% and 1.0% zinc sulphate as per and 0.03% and 0.05% per ammonium molybdate solutions as sole as well as their combined treatments on the yield and growth parameters of the broccoli. Among the sole treatments, application of zinc showed significantly higher effect on leaves per plants, leaf area, total chlorophyll content of the leaf and ascorbic acid content in the head. Significantly higher plant height showed by the treatments 0.03% Mo+1% Zn (59.10cm) and 0.05% Mo + 1% Zn (59.05cm), respectively. Irrespective of the treatments Zn had significantly positive influence in increasing the number of leaves per plant, especially at 0.5% dose. Significantly highest ascorbic acid was recorded at i.e., 61.54mg/ 100g of fresh head weight along with this significantly highest leaf area were recorded at combination treatment of 0.3%, 0.03% Mo and 0.5% Zn (454.35 cm2) and sole treatment of 0.5% Zn (452.33 cm2). Combination of 0.3% borax, 0.03% ammonium molybdate and 0.5% zinc sulphate were recorded to be best for most of the traits.

Keywords:

Boron; Molybdenum and Broccoli; Zinc

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Chowdhury R, Sikder S. Study the Manifestation of Growth and Yield Attributes of Broccoli Through Application of Boron, Molybdenum, Zinc and Their Combination Treatments in Terai Agro-Ecological Region of West Bengal. Curr Agri Res 2017;5(3). doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CARJ.5.3.16

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Chowdhury R, Sikder S. Study the Manifestation of Growth and Yield Attributes of Broccoli Through Application of Boron, Molybdenum, Zinc and Their Combination Treatments in Terai Agro-Ecological Region of West Bengal. Curr Agri Res 2017;5(3). Available from: http://www.agriculturejournal.org/?p=3035

Introduction

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) is an important crop under the cole group of vegetable crops. Broccoli is supposed to be the first of the Cole crops evolved from the wild species of cabbage or kale.1 Tender knob and processed products like soup, vegetable curry preparation and others makes it popular throughout the region of Terai zone. It is a rich source of vitamin C, E, B1, carotenoids, phenolic2 and possesses anticancer properties due to presence of high amount of indole-3-carbinol.3 Due to its very high nutritional property the demand is increasing rapidly with the increasing health conciseness among the consumers. The climatic condition of Terai region of West Bengal is highly suitable for broccoli cultivation that argued for the possibility of getting more net profit of the farmers from cultivation of this high valued crop. But, high acidic soil condition in this region is becoming major constrain4 as it leads to greater extent of micronutrient deficiency viz., boron and molybdenum5 that ultimately is major hindrance in full exploitation of the economical traits which aggravating the return than the expected. Present experiment was designed to Study the manifestation of growth and yield attributes of Broccoli through application of boron, molybdenum, zinc as well as to optimise sole and combined doses of micronutrients for better exploitation of the economic traits.

Material and Methods

The field experiments were carried out at Horticultural Farm of Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, situated at 26 º 40’ N latitude and 89 º 38′ E longitudes with average altitude of 43 m above the mean sea level (MSL) and soil pH 5.5-6.5 during autumn-winter season. In this experiment three important micronutrients viz., boron, molybdenum and zinc along with their combinations were applied through foliar spray at 30 and 45 days after transplanting on locally popular cultivar “Green Magic” of broccoli. Rapid uptake of nutrients applied to crop foliage ensures a fast response within the plant as micronutrients directly enter the metabolic processes. Foliar applications of micronutrients are most completely available to the plant, because they are not either fixed or diluted in some large volumes of soil.6 The sole doses of these three micronutrients were fixed 0.3% for borax as per7 0.5% and 1.0% zinc sulphate as per8 and 0.03% and 0.05% per ammonium molybdate solutions as per7 and their different treatment combinations. Thus three sole treatments as well as fourteen different combinations along with their control were laid out in randomized block design with 3 replications with a spacing of 45 x 45 cm in plot sized of 2.5 m x 2 m. Common cultural practices were used for the broccoli production such as irrigation, fertilization etc, according to recommended practices for broccoli in the commercial fields  along with basal recommended dose of N, P2O5, K2O (120 kg, 60 kg andm60 kg/ha, respectively) were followed. Observations were recorded on ten randomly selected plants from each plot. Data were recorded on five morphological traits viz. plant height (cm), leaves per plant, days to head maturity, head weight (g) and leaf area along with two bio-chemical traits viz. total chlorophyll content of leaf (mg/ 100g) and ascorbic acid of head  (mg/g). Total chlorophyll content was estimated as per9 and ascorbic acid was estimated as per10. Collected data were analysed statistically by using SPSS 22.0.

Results

Obtained expression of the traits under the experiment in the analysed table form depicted the role micronutrients (boron, molybdenum and zinc) in governing the manifestation of the traits. Among the micronutrients, zinc showed significantly higher performance for leaves per plant (16.15), leaf area (452.33 sq. cm), total chlorophyll of leaves (9.88 mg/100g) and ascorbic acid (58.18 mg/100g). Application of 0.3% boron resulted in early head maturity (64.40 days) followed by combined treatments of 0.3% B + 0% Mo + 0.5% Zn (64.55 days), 0.3% B + 0.05% Mo + 0.5% Zn (64.95 days), respectively. Although we failed to trap any significant sole nutrient effect on enhancing the head weight, where as significant effect was recorded regarding the for plant height irrespective of treatments (sole as well and combined treatments of micronutrients). Considering the overall performance, significantly higher plant height showed by the treatments 0.03% Mo+1%Zn (59.10cm) and 0.05% Mo + 1% Zn (59.05cm), respectively. Sole application of Zn indicated significantly positive influence in increasing the number of leaves per plant i.e., 16.15 at 0.5% and 15.25 at 1.0% solutions, respectively. Although, treatments of 0.3% B + 0.05% Mo + 0.5% Zn and 0% B + 0.03% Mo + 0.5% Zn were remarkably increased the number of leaves per plant i.e., 16.30 and 16.25 respectively. Greater extent of significant differentiate response were recorded in case of head weight throughout the treatments.  Significant positive values were recorded for chlorophyll content of leaves, especially sole treatments of 0.3% B, 0.05% Mo and 0.5% Zn or as their combinations. Significantly highest ascorbic acid was recorded at i.e., 61.54mg/ 100g of fresh head weight at 0.3% B + 0.03% Mo+ 0.5Zn. Whereas, significantly highest leaf area i.e., 454.35 cm2 was recorded at combination treatment of 0.3% B, 0.03% Mo and 0.5% Zn and sole treatment of 0.5% Zn i.e., 452.33 cm2.

Discussion

Data obtained from the field clearly indicated that there was significant effect of the micro-nutrients as sole as well as their combined treatments on the yield and growth parameters of the broccoli which justified the application of micronutrients at optimum level along with the macronutrients to promote better growth and yield in this region to fetch higher net return by the farmers. These phenomena might be due to beneficial effects of applying foliar plant nutrients particularly nitrogen, zinc, boron, iron and manganese and its sources play a key role in improving the productivity and quality of crop due their involvement in various enzymes and other physiologically active molecule.11 Lahijie and Khosa et al. were reported that micronutrients play vital roles in the growth and development of plants, due to their stimulatory and catalytic effects on metabolic processes and ultimately on flower yield and quality.12 & 13

Among the sole treatments, application of zinc showed significantly higher effect on leaves per plants, leaf area, total chlorophyll content of the leaf and ascorbic acid content in the head. Where as sole application of boron was highly associated with head maturity. In our experiment we failed to trap any sole effect of molybdenum on mentioned parameters might be due to doses was not fitted well to express high level of physico-chemical responses that contradicted the earlier finding.7 & 14

However, sole as well as combined treatments of three micronutrients together depicted a very complex trend of effect. There was no huge significant variance throughout the treatments regarding the plant height. Significantly higher plant height showed by the treatments 0.03% Mo+1%Zn and 0.05% Mo + 1% Zn. Irrespective of the treatments Zn had significantly positive influence in increasing the number of leaves per plant, especially at 0.5% dose. Similar findings in case both of these two traits were reported by Kanti et.al. in cauliflower.15 Analysed data clearly indicated that borax predominately influenced the head maturity and significantly reduced days required to obtain marketable output. Similar result obtained in case of 0.5% Zn along with combination treatment of 0.3% B + 0% Mo + 0.5% Zn. A very complicated association between the different treatment combinations were recorded in case of head weight that suggested the complex combinations of nutritional effect in up and or down regulation of enzymatic activity influence the head size and weight. However, B0.3% B + 0.03 Mo + 0.5% Zn showed significantly highest value for head weight. This finding was supported by the earlier works in cauliflower,16 cabbage,17 sweet potato18 and broccoli.7 Obtained data on chlorophyll content of leaves clearly indicated the significantly positive effect of all these three micronutrients, especially 0.3% B, 0.05% Mo and 0.5% Zn as sole treatment or as their combinations. Significantly highest ascorbic acid obtained at 0.3% B + 0.03% Mo+ 0.5Zn solution. Both the findings in case of chlorophyll content of leaf and ascorbic acid content were supported by the findings of Thapa et. al.19 Whereas, significantly highest leaf area were recorded at combination treatment of 0.3% B, 0.03% Mo and 0.5% Zn and sole treatment of 0.5% Zn. Throughout the data dominance of zinc in determining the leaf are might be due to its association in synthesis of tryptophan, stimulate the leaf growth of plant by active physiological process and there by increased leaf area.8

Table 1: Different quantitative characters of plant along with treatment effects.

Treatment Plant Height(cm) Leaves/Plant Days to Head Maturity Head Weight (g) Total Chlorophyll of Leaf (mg/100g) Ascorbic Acid (mg/100g) Leaf Area (cm2)
B0M0Zn0 57.55 ab 13.85 fg 70.25 b-d 350.28 m 6.48 c 48.32 gh 312.82i
B0M0Z0.5 58.25 ab 16.15 a 70.25 b-d 502.15 e 9.88 a 58.18 b 452.33 a
B0M0Z1.0 57.85 ab 15.25 cd 70.95 a-c 412.23 i 7.64 b 52.23 de 328.24 h
B0M0.03Z0 58.10 ab 13.65 fg 69.05 de 352.71 m 6.17 c 46.17 h 298.91 j
B0M0.03Z0.5 58.45 ab 16.25 a 71.05 ab 518.22  d 9.78 a 59.61 ab 412.12 c
B0M0.03Z1.0 59.10 a 14.85 de 69.35 c-e 401.72 j 7.84 b 55.23 c 345.87 g
B0M0.05Z0 57.95 ab 14.05 f 69.25 c-e 348.54 m 6.42 c 48.11 gh 317.61 i
B0M0.05Z0.5 56.25 b 16.15 a 69.15 de 485.95 f 10.11 a 58.85 b 444.57 b
B0M0.05Z1.0 59.05 a 15.65 bc 71.95 a 398.65 j 6.54 c 50.43 e-g 361.55 e
B0.3M0Z0 58.45 ab 13.55 g 64.40 i 372.65 l 6.55 c 50.27 e-g 329.73 h
B0.3M0Z0.5 58.37  ab 15.95 ab 64.55 hi 612.85 b 10.33 a 60.17 ab 412.34 c
B0.3M0Z1.0 58.25 ab 15.05 de 67.15 fg 442.13 g 8.11 b 52.72 de 317.89i
B0.3M0.03Z0 57.65 ab 13.80 fg 68.15 ef 385.82 k 6.63 c 51.25 ef 331.92 h
B0.3M0.03Z0.5 57.90 ab 15.85 ab 65.05 hi 625.33 a 10.23 a 61.54 a 454.35 a
B0.3M0.03Z1.0 58.10 ab 14.95 de 66.24 gh 428.55 h 8.17 b 49.17 fg 332.86 h
B0.3M0.05Z0 58.35 ab 14.10 f 69.15 de 401.11 j 6.75 c 54.35 cd 298.21 j
B0.3M0.05Z0.5 57.15 ab 16.30 a 64.95 hi 602.82 c 10.44 a 59.47ab 399.89 d
B0.3M0.05Z1.0 57.40 ab 14.65 e 68.45 ef 431.92 h 7.93 b 55.25 c 351.54 f


Conclusion

However, it may be concluded from the above discussion that sole treatment of 0.05% zinc sulphate and combination of 0.3% borax, 0.03% ammonium molybdate and 0.5% zinc sulphate were recorded to be best for most of the traits.

Acknowledgements

We wish to acknowledge Department of Vegetable and Spice Crops, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, for providing necessary facilities to carry out this study.

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