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Genetic Variability and Trait-Based Selection in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Germplasm Lines from the Kashmir, India

Saima Fayaz1, Ajaz Ahmad Lone2, Zahoor Ahmad Dar2, Muneeb Ahmad Rather1, Munezeh Rashid2, Bilal Ahmad Mir3, and Latif Ahmad Peer1*

1Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

2Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Dryland Agriculture Research Station, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

3Department of Botany, North Campus, University of Kashmir, Delina, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Corresponding Author E-mail:peerlatif@gmail.com

DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CARJ.13.2.13

Article Publishing History

Received: 11 May 2024
Accepted: 10 June 2025
Published Online: 16 Jun 2025

Review Details

Reviewed by: Dr. Prerna Mehta
Second Review by: Dr. Srikrishnah S
Final Approval by: Dr. Mohammad Reza Naroui Rad

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Abstract:

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a vital legume crop with significant nutritional and economic value, yet its productivity is limited by genetic uniformity and environmental stresses. We evaluated 75 common bean germplasm lines from Kashmir, India, for eleven agro-morphological traits using an augmented block design. High phenotypic variability was observed for plant height (CV = 64.41%) and pods per plant (CV = 41.99%), while seeds per pod (CV = 14.72%) exhibited stability. ANOVA confirmed significant genetic differences (p ≤ 0.01) for most traits, with high heritability for plant height (h² = 76.16%), seed thickness (h² = 75.06%), and seeds per pod (h² = 83.58%), indicating strong genetic control. Multivariate analyses revealed important patterns in trait variability and genetic structure. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that the first three components explained 90.08% of the total variation, driven primarily by plant height, pods per plant, and seed yield per plant. Clustering identified 16 distinct groups, with Alr-36, Kdr-45, and Alr-28 exhibiting the highest divergence and outperforming checks in yield-related traits (e.g., SYPP = 100.33 g/plant) via LSI analysis. These results highlight Kashmir’s germplasm as a reservoir of genetic diversity for breeding programs targeting yield resilience and stress adaptation. Future work should integrate multi-environment trials and genomic tools to validate and accelerate the deployment of these superior genotypes.

Keywords:

Cluster analysis; Common bean; Genetic variability; Heritability; Kashmir germplasm; PCA; Seed yield

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Fayaz S, Lone A. A, Dar Z. A, Rather M. A, Rashid M, Mir B. A, Peer L. A. Genetic Variability and Trait-Based Selection in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Germplasm Lines from the Kashmir, India. Curr Agri Res 2025; 13(2). doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CARJ.13.2.13

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Fayaz S, Lone A. A, Dar Z. A, Rather M. A, Rashid M, Mir B. A, Peer L. A. Genetic Variability and Trait-Based Selection in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Germplasm Lines from the Kashmir, India. Curr Agri Res 2025; 13(2). Available from: https://bit.ly/4kF0kRP

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