A Comparative Review of the Performance of Lined and Unlined Irrigation Canals

Atish Yadav^1*, Amandeep Singh², Ram Naresh¹, Love Kumar³

¹Department of Soil and Water Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India.

²Department of Forestry, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India

³Department of Agricultural Engineering, Dr. Kalam Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India.

Corresponding Author E-mail:atishyadav7304@gmail.com

DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CARJ.13.2.6

Article Publishing History

Received: 05 Jun 2025
Accepted: 23 Jul 2025
Published Online: 04 Sep 2025

Review Details

Reviewed by: Dr. Fenil Gandhi
Second Review by: Dr. Rania Khater
Final Approval by: Dr. Surendra Singh Bargali

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Abstract:

Irrigation canal efficiency is essential for agricultural output, particularly in areas with limited water resources. This study looks at the differences in performance between lined and unlined irrigation canals, emphasizing the primary variables that affect overall efficiency, water loss (Seepage loss is the primary cause of water loss during transportation), and maintenance needs. Unlined canals frequently rely on natural soil and are vulnerable to considerable seepage, erosion, and sediment deposition. In contrast, lined canals, which are normally built with concrete or other impermeable materials, are intended to limit seepage and minimize water loss. The paper provides a comprehensive review of water carriage mechanisms, examining the hydraulic efficiency, financial implications, ecological impacts, and long-term sustainability of both types of canals. The study also looks at how maintenance procedures, canal geometry, and soil type affect water conveyance efficiency. An in-depth assessment of the various performances of lined and unlined canals, contrasting their benefits and drawbacks, is also presented. The overall aim of this study is to provide insights into the optimal irrigation infrastructure selection and management to enhance the water usage efficiency of agricultural systems. The agricultural output per unit of farm land, per unit of farmed time, and per unit volume of water used can be boosted via the discussed mechanisms.

Keywords:

Conveyance efficiency; Irrigation efficiency; Lined and unlined canals; Seepage loss; Hydraulic efficiency

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