Dynamics of Soil Physical Properties and Black Gram (Vigna Mungo L.) under Varying Organic Manure Application

Suya Padhra Haridha Rajagopalan^1*and Pushpa Simson²

¹Department of Physics, V.O. Chidambaram College, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu India.

²Department of Physics, Francis Xavier Engineering College, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu India.

Corresponding Author E-mail: suyaresearch@gmail.com

DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CARJ.14.1.18

Article Publishing History

Received: 14 Mar 2026
Accepted: 08 Apr 2026
Published Online: 17 Apr 2026

Review Details

Reviewed by: Dr. Himanshu Verma
Second Review by: Dr. Virendra Singh
Final Approval by: Dr. Mohammad Anwar Bhat

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Abstract:

The present work examines how organic manures affect the physical properties of soil. It also investigates their relationship with the growth and yield of black gram (Vigna mungo L.). With increasing concern over the excessive use of chemical fertilizers resulting in soil degradation, there is growing interest in sustainable and organic alternatives. Organic amendments like goat manure (GM), swine manure (SM) and vermicompost (VC) were applied alone and in combination at two concentrations viz., 8 t ha^-1 and 17 t ha^-1. The experiment was conducted to evaluate changes in key soil physical attributes like bulk density (BD), particle density (PD), water holding capacity (WHC), pore space (PS), saturated moisture (SaM), hydraulic conductivity (HC), permeability (PE). Additionally, the study aimed to statistically analyse the correlation between these soil parameters and the yield of black gram. Data was analysed using SPSS software, employing correlation and multiple linear regression models. Results revealed that WHC, PS and SaM were strongly and positively correlated with yield, while BD showed a consistent and significant negative correlation. Biometric observations revealed that application of organic manure had a substantial positive effect on plant growth. Parameters such as plant height, number of pods per plant and number of leaves per plant showed noticeable improvement. These improvements were especially evident under manure treatments. This highlights the contribution of organic inputs towards improved plant vigour and productivity.  The best agronomic result (990 kg ha^-1) was recorded with GM+VC @ 17 t ha^-1. The regression model at 8 t ha^-1 produced the highest R² value (99.6%) indicating a reliable prediction of yield in accordance with soil physical properties. The findings exemplify that organic manure application not only improves soil health but also substantially enhances the black gram productivity in an ecologically sound manner.

Keywords:

Black Gram; Crop Productivity; Days After Sowing; Goat Manure; Organic Manure; Plant Biometric Traits; Randomized Block Design

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